Explore my research publications across vision science, optometry, and related fields.
This paper examines how choroidal blood flow is regulated across distinct vascular layers during altitude-related changes in oxygen availability. It highlights layer-specific mechanisms that help the eye maintain adequate circulation and visual performance in changing environmental conditions.
This review maps the evolving global scope of optometric glaucoma care across Africa, Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It shows a broad shift from case-finding toward diagnostic and therapeutic management, while highlighting persistent barriers such as regulatory restrictions, uneven funding, equipment limitations, and training variation. The paper argues that addressing these system constraints is essential if optometrists are to expand sustainable access to glaucoma care.
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Denniss, J., Barrett, B. T., Cheloni, R., Gunn, P. J. G., Harper, R. A., MacIver, S., McKendrick, A. M., Ocansey, S., Turnbull, P. R. K., & Flanagan, J. G. (2026). Global scope of glaucoma clinical practice for optometrists. Optometry and Vision Science, 103(7), e70088. https://doi.org/10.1002/ovs2.70088
This study examines optometrists' attitudes toward expanding scope of practice to include intravitreal injections in Aotearoa New Zealand. The findings identify key enablers and barriers, including training pathways, governance, and confidence in shared-care delivery. The paper provides practical direction for workforce planning and service models aimed at improving access to timely retinal care.
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Turnbull, P. R. K., Acosta, M. L., Lee, A., & Solanki, B. (2026). Optometrist attitudes towards delivering intravitreal injections in Aotearoa New Zealand. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2652580
This narrative review synthesises multidisciplinary team-based care models that include optometrists across Australia and New Zealand. It highlights recurring implementation challenges around role clarity, referral pathways, funding settings, and interprofessional communication. The synthesis outlines system-level considerations for scaling collaborative care while maintaining quality and equitable access.
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Huang-Lung, J., Kumaran, S., Turnbull, P. R. K., Webber, A. L., Rhee, J., Barr, M., Ramke, J., & Keay, L. J. (2026). Models of multidisciplinary team-based care involving optometrists in Australia and New Zealand: narrative review and synthesis of implementation issues. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2026.2624750
This case report tracks objective oculomotor outcomes across three timepoints in mild traumatic brain injury. Serial measurements show how eye-movement metrics can capture dynamic recovery patterns that may not be evident on routine assessment alone. The report supports the potential value of oculomotor markers as practical adjuncts for monitoring mTBI progression.
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Cade, A., Stevens, K., & Turnbull, P. R. K. (2026). Objective oculomotor markers of mTBI: a three-timepoint case report. Brain Injury, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2026.2651864
This study utilised OCT to demonstrate that local cooling of the anterior eye via the eyelid causes a small but statistically significant increase in macular choroidal thickness. These findings suggest that the choroid plays a rapid thermoregulatory role and highlight environmental temperature as a confounding factor that must be controlled in clinical myopia research.
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Khanal, S., Turnbull, P. R. K., Kim, L., & Phillips, J. R. (2025). Response of the human choroid to short-term changes in eyelid and periocular temperature. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 108(5), 578-584. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2377391
An analysis of a decade of professional data reveals that NZ optometrists have safely issued over half a million prescriptions, primarily for glaucoma and dry eye. The report advocates for the further expansion of the optometric scope into intravitreal injections and laser procedures to improve national eye care equity and reduce hospital waitlists.
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Turnbull, P. R. K., Park, I., & Johnson, R. (2025). The expanding scope of the Aotearoa New Zealand optometric workforce. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 108, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2460609
This audit found that university-based training clinics are less accessible to people living in high-deprivation areas, who often travel the furthest for care. It recommends increasing funding for community outreach and mobile eye clinics to foster equity and provide diverse clinical training for future optometrists.
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Goodman, L. K., Zhao, J., Lee, A., Han, L., Rogers, J. T., Phillips, G., Turnbull, P. R. K., & Ramke, J. (2026). A baseline audit of the population groups accessing optometry training clinics in Aotearoa New Zealand: looking towards equity in eye care. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 109, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2433597
A systematic review of global surveys found that while participation is generally high, it is declining in high-income nations. The study highlights that gender balance is more equitable in high-income settings, whereas women are more likely to participate in lower-income regions.
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Goodman, L., Turnbull, P., McCormick, I., Ewuru, D., Evans, J. R., Burton, M. J., & Ramke, J. (2025). Participation in population-based eye health surveys is lower but more gender-balanced in high-compared to low-and middle-income countries. Wellcome Open Research, 10, 203. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23976.1
Published in IOVS, this study investigated how various soft contact lens materials disrupt the stability of the tear film lipid layer. The research identifies material-specific impacts that can inform the selection of lenses for patients prone to dryness and discomfort.
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Craig, J. P., Bandamwar, K., Kang, E., Li, F., & Turnbull, P. R. K. (2025). The impact of soft contact lens wear on tear film lipid layer characteristics. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 66(8), 5622-5622. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-8967(96)88963-2